The four rules of particles:
Now that we understand this we must be able to acknowledge how the particles move in the main states of matter
The particles in a solid move very slowly (Vibration)
The particles in a gas move freely at high speed
The particles in a liquid move inbetween the speed at which gaseous and solidified particles will move at (slide)
Knowing this, we can understand why different samples of matter shift or change between the different states of matter.
To illustrate, water often will start in the state of liquid, and when we add heat the water will start to evaporate and change into water vapour, a gas. This process is refered to as evaporation. However, when we cool the liquid water it freezes and changes into ice, a solid. This process is refered to as freezing.
Though, when we reverse these processes, in which water starts as ice, a solid, and we add heat the ice will melt due to the the increasation of heat and turn into its liquid state, water. Although, if the matter were to start as a gaseous form, or in this example, water vapour, and cool, the water vapour would condense turning into water, it liquid form, a process refered to as condensation
To understand the differnce between heat and temperature, we must now exctly know the definition of the two.
Heat is the transfer of heat energy between objects
Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
This video will further heighten your understandingThemal energy is the total kinetic energy in a sample of matter